Global Health/WHO

 

1. “The U.S. Government and Global Health.” KFF. 15 Oct 2024

2. “World Health Statistics 2024.” World Health Organization. 21 May 2024

3. “The Global HIV/AIDS Overview.” HIV.gov. 2 Dec 2024

4. “PEPFAR.” HIV.gov. 2 Dec 2024

 

Human Trafficking

 

1. United Nations. Office on Drugs and Crime. “2024 Global Report on Trafficking in Persons.” December 2024

 

United Nations

 

1. “Assessment of Member States’ Advances to the Working Capital Fund for the year 2025 and Contributions to the United Nations Regular Budget for 2025.” United Nations. 2 Jan 2025

2. United States. Congressional Research Service. “United Nations Issues: U.S. Funding to the U.N. System.” 9 Apr 2024

 

USAID

 

1. Nicholas Bariyo and Alexandra Wexler. “Refugees in Africa Fight Over Food as U.S. Aid Cuts Take Hold.” Wall Street Journal. 11 Aug 2025

2. Annie Gowen. “Vast Supplies of U.S. Aid Remain Stranded, Despite State Department Promises.” Washington Post. 2 Aug 2025

3. Charles Kenny and Justin Sandefur. “How Many Lives Does US Foreign Aid Save?” Center for Global Development. 15 Mar 2025

4. “Levels and Trends in Child Mortality.” UNICEF. 24 Mar 2025.

5. Betsy McKay and Caroline Kimeu. “For First Time in Decades, Child Deaths Will Rise This Year.” Wall Street Journal. 4 Dec 2025

6. Daniella Medeiros Cavalcanti, PhD; Lucas de Oliveira Ferreira de Sales, PhD; Andrea Ferreira da Silva, PhDa ∙ Elisa Landin Basterra, MS; Daiana Pena, MS; Caterina Monti, MA; Gonzalo Barreix, MS; Natanael J. Silva, MS; Paula Vaz, PhD; Francisco Saute, PhD; Gonzalo Fanjul, MPA; Prof Quique Bassat, PhD; Prof Denise Naniche, PhD; and Prof James Macinko, PhD. “Evaluating the Impact of Two Decades of USAID Interventions and Projecting the Effects of Defunding on Mortality up to 2030: A Retrospective Impact Evaluation and Forecasting Analysis.” The Lancet. 19 July 2025

7. “Impact Metrics Dashboard.” impactcounter.com. 31 Dec 2025

8. Meg Kelly, Joyce Sohyun Lee, Jon Swaine and Sarah Blaskey. “The U.S. Bought $12 million in Aid for Poor Nations. Under Trump, It May be Destroyed.” Washington Post. 5 June 2025

9. Katharine Houreld and Hafiz Haroun. “In Sudan, Where Children Clung to Life, Doctors Say USAID Cuts Have Been Fatal.” Washington Post. 29 June 2025

10. Ian Kullgren and Jack Fitzpatrick. “USAID Shutdown Costs Top $6 Billion, Internal Estimate Shows.” Bloomberg. 26 June 2025

11. Declan Walsh. “Starving Children Eat Animal Feed in Besieged Sudanese City.” New York Times. New York Times. 15 Sept 2025

12. “Crisis in Sudan: What is Happening and How to Help.” International Rescue Committee. 19 Dec 2025

13. Meg Kelly, Joyce Sohyun Lee, Rael Ombuor, Sarah Blaskey, Andrew Ba Tran, Artur Galocha, Eric Lau and Katharine Houreld. “Trump’s USAID Pause Stranded Lifesaving Drugs. Children Died Waiting.” Washington Post. 30 Sept 2025

14. Apoorva Mandavilli. “How Foreign Aid Cuts Are Setting the Stage for Disease Outbreaks.” New York Times. 8 Mar 2025

15. David Ignatius. “There’s a story in Each Shard of the Shattered USAID.” Washington Post. 21 Feb 2025

16. Jeremy Konyndyk. “’We Are Seeing Complete Destruction’: The Damage Done by the U.S.A.I.D. Freeze.” New York Times. 21 Feb 2025

17. Gabriele Steinhauser and Ming Li. “How Much the U.S. Spent on Foreign Aid - And Where It Went.” Wall Street Journal. 10 Feb 2025

18. Steven Lee Myers and Stuart A. Thompson. “Falsehoods Fuel the Right-Wing Crusade Against U.S.A.I.D.” New York Times. 7 Feb 2025

19. Glenn Kessler. “The White House’s Wildly Inaccurate Claims About USAID Spending.” Washington Post. 7 Feb 2025

20. Daniel Wu. “Gutting USAID Threatens Billions of Dollars for U.S. Farms, Businesses.” Washington Post. 6 Feb 2025

21.  Jeremy Konyndyk. “What We Lost When We Lost U.S.A.I.D.” New York Times. 8 Feb 2026

22. “How U.S. Policies are Reshaping Global Health and Humanitarian Aid, One Year Later.” Doctors Without Borders. 20 Jan 2026

23. “Total Reported Funding 2024.” OCHA Services. 12 Feb 2026

24. “WHO’s Work in Health Emergencies.” World Health Organization. 7 Jan 2026

25. “Global Humanitarian Overview.” Humanitarian Action. 8 Dec 2025

 

Countries

 

1. Amanda Coletta. “Gunfire Closes Haiti’s Main Airport as New Prime Minister is Sworn In.” Washington Post. 11 Nov 2024

2. Frances Robles. “Haiti’s Many Problems and Very Few Solutions, Explained.” New York Times. 17 Nov 2024

3. “If Trump Wants Haitians to Go Home, His Mission is Clear.” Washington Post. 29 Nov 2024

4. Daniel García-Peña. “America Cannot Afford to Abandon Colombia’s Drug Fight.” Washington Post. 12 Sept 2025

5. Aamer Madhani, Konstantin Toropin and Regina Garcia Cano. “Trump Says U.S. Strike on Vessel in Caribbean Targeted Venezuela’s Tren de Aragua Gang, Killed 5.” Associated Press. 2 Sept 2025

6. Warren P. Strobel, John Hudson and Karen DeYoung. “Trump Says He Has Authorized Covert CIA Action in Venezuela.” Washington Post. 16 Oct 2025

7. Laura Sullivan. “USS Gerald Ford Enters Caribbean Sea as Threat of U.S. Action Against Venezuela Rises.” NPR. 16 Nov 2025

8. Samuel Granados, Genevieve Glatsky and Annie Correal. “Why Blowing Up Venezuelan Boats Won’t Stop the Flow of Drugs.” New York Times. 9 Oct 2025

9. Simon Romero. “Family of Fisherman Killed in U.S. Military Strike Says It Wants Justice.” New York Times. 15 Nov 2025

10. Michael Crowley. “U.S. Ran a War Game on Ousting Maduro. Venezuela Fell Into Chaos.” New York Times. 20 Nov 2025

11. “Venezuela’s Cocaine Revolution.” Venezuela Investigative Unit. InSight Crime. April 2022

12. Juan Forero and José de Córdoba. “How Venezuela’s Maduro Became Coup-Proof After Years of Military Purges.” Wall Street Journal. 18 Oct 2025

13. “How Cuba Competes with Uncle Sam in the Caribbean Islands.” Economist. 20 Mar 2025

14. Zolan Kanno-Youngs and Frances Robles. “Biden Will Remove Cuba from List of State Sponsors of Terrorism.” New York Times. 14 Jan 2025

15. United States. Embassy Havana. “U.S. Announces Designation of Cuba as a State Sponsor of Terrorism.” 11 Jan 2021

16. United States. Department of State. “Cuba.” 26 Mar 2025

17. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. “Cuba.” 26 Mar 2025

18. United States. Office of the Trade Representative, Executive Office of the President. “Cuba.” 26 Mar 2025

19. Nora Gámez Torres. “Leaked Documents Show Cuban Military Sitting on Billions of Dollars Amid Humanitarian Crisis.” Miami Herald. 4 Mar 2025

20. Yubelka Mendoza and Anatoly Kurmanaev. “Nicaragua’s Democracy Hangs by Thread as Crackdown Deepens.” New York Times. 6 June 2021

21. Maham Javaid, Laris Karklis and Hannah Dormido. “Why the Panama Canal Matters.” Washington Post. 1 Feb 2025

22. “El Salvador: Criminal System Used as a Weapon to Punish Human Rights Defenders.” Amnesty International. 9 Oct 2025 

23. Rebecca Falconer. “Rubio Says El Salvador’s President has Offered to Jail American Criminals.” Axios. 4 Feb 2025

24. Kejal Vyas and Santiago Pérez. “The Country with the Highest Murder Rate Now Has the Highest Incarceration Rate.” Wall Street Journal. 10 July 2023

25. “El Salvador.” Amnesty International. 27 Mar 2025

26. Peter J. Meyer and Clare Ribando Seelke. “Central America Regional Security Initiative: Background and Policy Issues for Congress.” Congressional Research Service. 17 Dec 2015

27. “Who is Guatemala’s New President and Can He Deliver on His Anti-Corruption Promises?” PBS News. 15 Jan 2024

28. Juan Pappier. “Guatemala’s Democracy Still Needs International Support.” Human Rights Watch. 17 June 2025

29. Osvaldo Silva. “Guatemala’s President Accuses Prosecutor’s Office of Attempted Coup.” United Press International. 27 Oct 2025

30. United States. Department of Justice. “Juan Orlando Hernández, Former President of Honduras, Sentenced to 45 Years in Prison for Conspiring to Distribute More Than 400 Tons of Cocaine and Related Firearms Offenses.” 26 June 2024

31. “Honduras.” Amnesty International. 27 Mar 2025

32. Lisa Friedman. “Trump Wants Greenland and the Panama Canal. It’s About Climate.” New York Times. 31 Dec 2024

33. Zselyke Csaky. “Nations in Transit: Dropping the Democratic Facade.” Freedom House.

34. Francesca Ebel. “The Accidental Power Couple That is Now Taking on a Dictator and Putin.” Washington Post. 13 Oct 2025

35. Francesca Ebel. “Belarus Releases Dissident After Highest-Level U.S. Visit in Years.” Washington Post. 21 June 2025
36. Valerie Hopkins. “Belarus Frees 52 Political Prisoners and Gets a Warm Thank-You From Trump.” New York Times. 11 Sept 2025

37. Sarah Rainsford and Laura Gozzi. “Moldova Says ‘Yes” to Pro-EU Constitutional Changes by Tiny Margin.” 21 Oct 2024

38. Thomas Grove, Karolina Jeznach and Daniel Michaels. “NATO Planes Shoot Down Russian Drones Deep Inside Poland.” Wall Street Journal. 10 Sept 2025

39. Thomas Grove and Karolina Jeznach. “As Russian Aggression Turns West, Poland Says It’s Ready.” Wall Street Journal. 12 Oct 2025

40. Jessie Pang and James Pomfret. “Hong Kong Democrat Jimmy Lai Finishes Testifying in National Security Trial.” Reuters. 6 Mar 2025

41. Cat Zakrzewski, Natalie Allison, Michelle Ye Hee Lee and Matt Viser. “Japan’s New Leader Tries to Charm Trump with Gold, Golf and Deal on Rare Minerals.” Washington Post. 28 Oct 2025

42. “Approval Ratings of Selected World Leaders as of March 2025.” Statista. 28 Mar 2025

43. “Defiance in the Face of Autocratization.” V-Dem Institute. March 2023

44. “Democracy Winning and Losing at the Ballot.” V-Dem Institute. March 2024

45. “25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped?” V-Dem Institute. March 2025

46. “India.” World Press Freedom Index. Reporters Without Borders. 2023

47. “India.” World Press Freedom Index. Reporters Without Borders. 2024

48. “Myanmar.” Amnesty International. 29 Mar 2025

49. Gert Rosenthal. “A Brief and Independent Inquiry into the Involvement of the United Nations in Myanmar from 2010 to 2018.” 29 May 2019

50. Sui-Lee Wee. “Under Trump’s Aegis, Cambodia and Thailand Agree to Resolve Border Dispute.” New York Times. 26 Oct 2025

51. “Another Blow to Democracy in Thailand.” Washington Post. 29 Aug 2025

52. Michael R. Gordon. “White House Says Pakistan Is Developing Long-Range Missile Capable of Hitting the U.S.” Wall Street Journal. 23 Dec 2024

53. Peter Hoskins. “IMF Approves $7bn Loan to Cash-Strapped Pakistan.” BBC. 25 Sept 2024

54. “Court Sentences Former Pakistani Leader Imran Khan to 14 Years in Prison.” NPR. 17 Jan 2025

55. “Pakistan is Furious with the Afghan Taliban.” Economist. 6 Feb 2025

56. “Philippines.” Freedom House. 31 Mar 2025

57. Sui-Lee Wee and Camille Elemia. “For Duterte, Signs of a Reckoning Years After He Ordered a Deadly Drug War” New York Times. 10 Mar 2025

58. “More Storms are Brewing in the South China Sea.” Economist. 12 Sept 2024

59. “The trap Vladimir Putin has set for Donald Trump.” Economist. 19 Mar 2025

60. “Steve Witkoff Takes the Kremlin’s Side.” Wall Street Journal. 24 Mar 2025

61. “Witkoff Discusses Ukraine Plans with Key Putin Aide: Transcript.” Bloomberg News. 25 Nov 2025

62. Anton Troianovski. “Leaked Transcript of Witkoff Call Shows U.S. Deference to Russia.” New York Times. 26 Nov 2025

63. “Appeasement and ‘Peace for Our Time’.” The National WWII Museum.” 15 Oct 2024

64. “Sympathy for the Neville.” The National WWII Museum.” 30 Aug 2018

65. Dennis Ross.  “The Missing Peace:  The Inside Story of the Fight for Middle East Peace.”  New York:  Farrar, Straus and Giroux.  2004

66. Matthew Dalton and Stacy Meichtry. “Israeli Backlash Builds Against Macron’s Push for Palestinian State.” Wall Street Journal. 24 Aug 2025

67. United States. Department of State. “2020 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Yemen.” 3 June 2021

68. “Yemen.” Amnesty International. 3 June 2021

69. “Day of Judgement.”  Mwatana for Human Rights, University Network for Human Rights and Pax for Peace.

70. “World Report 2021: Yemen.” Human Right Watch. 7 June 2021

71. Tom Fletcher. “Emergency Relief Chief Warns Security Council Attacks in El Fasher “Recall the Horrors” That Darfur Endured 20 Years Ago.” United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. 30 Oct 2025

72. Vibhu Mishra. “Sudan Faces Unprecedented Hunger and Displacement as War Enters Third Year.” United Nations. 10 Apr 2025

73. “Sudan Situation Map Weekly Regional Update - 18 Aug 2025.” United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. 19 Aug 2025

74. Declan Walsh and Christoph Koettl. “How a U.S. Ally Uses Aid as a Cover in War.” New York Times. 21 Sept 2024

75. “Advanced Chinese Weaponry Provided by UAE Identified in Breach of Arms Embargo.” Amnesty International. 8 May 2025

76. United Nations. “Letter Dated 15 January 2024 from the Panel of Experts on the Sudan Addressed to the President of the Security Council.” 15 Jan 2024

77. “Human Security Emergency: El-Fasher Falls to RSF: Evidence of Mass Killing.” Yale School of Public Health. 27 Oct 2025

78. Nicholas Bariyo. “Sudan Militia, Armed with Drones, Hunts Down Black Population of Darfur.” Wall Street Journal. 31 Oct 2025

79. United States. Department of State. “Country Reports on Terrorism 2023: Mozambique.”

80. United States. Department of State. “Country Reports on Terrorism 2023: Nigeria.”

81. United States. Office of the Director of National Intelligence. “Annual Threat Assessment.” 5 Feb 2024

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Bad Habit Nine: Afghanistan & the Syrian Democratic Forces

 

1. “Caliphate.” Encyclopedia Britannica. 30 Mar 2018

2. Hugh Kennedy. “Caliphate: The History of An Idea.” Basic Books.  2016 

3. Anchal Vohra. “’Taste of Victory’ for SDF, but ISIL Threat Remains.” Al Jazeera. 23 Mar 2019

4. David Martin. “Nearly 1,000 U.S. Troops Still in Syria Months After Last ISIS-Held Territory Was Liberated.” 22 July 2019

5. Ayla Jean Yackley. “U.S. Envoy Holds Talks in Ankara as Turkey Threatens to Invade Syria.” Al-Monitor.  2 July 2019

6. Ben Hubbard and Hwaida Saad. “Having Won Syria’s War, al-Assad Is Mired in Economic Woes.” New York Times. 26 Feb 2021

7. “Twelve Million Syrians Now in The Grip of Hunger, Worn down By Conflict and Soaring Food Prices.” United Nations World Food Program. 17 Feb 2021

8. Courtney Kube. “The Number of U.S. Troops in Syria Has Doubled, Pentagon Discloses.” NBC News. 19 Dec 2024

9. Timour Azhari and Ahmed Rasheed. “Exclusive: US-Iraq Deal Would See Hundreds of Troops Withdraw in First Year, Sources Say.” Reuters. 6 Sept 2024

10. Jared Kushner. “Opportunity Beckons in The Mideast.” Wall Street Journal. 14 Mar 2021

11. Khuloud Rabah Sulaiman. “Gaza Attacks: Fear, Finality, And Farewells as Bombs Rained Down.” Aljazeera. 22 May 2021

12. Aya Batrawy. “UAE Urges Israel to Stop Jerusalem Violence in Rare Rebuke.” 26 Apr 2021

13. Kareem Fahim and Sarah Dadouch. “As Arab World Rallies Around Palestinians and Bloodshed Mounts, Trump-Era Peace Deals Fade from View.” Washington Post. 14 May 2021

14. Oliver Holmes. “U.S. To Give Palestinians $5 Million in Coronavirus Aid – 1% of What Trump Cut.” The Guardian. 17 Apr 2020

15. Ismaeel Naar and Adam Rasgon. “Saudi Crown Prince Says No to Israel Ties Without Palestinian State.” New York Times. 19 Sept 2024

16. “UAE Vows it Won’t Take Part in Gaza’s ‘Day After’ Without Palestinian State.” The Times of Israel. 15 Sept 2024

17. Maria Abi-Habib and Ismaeel Naar. “A Mideast Shift Is Underway, Without Israel.” New York Times. 25 Oct 2024

18. Ismaeel Naar. “Iran and Trump Are Front of Mind at Saudi Summit.” New York Times. 11 Nov 2024

19. Dr. Abdel Aziz Aluwaisheg. “GCC and Iranian Foreign Ministers Make History in Doha.” Arab News. 4 Oct 2024

20. Melanie Lidman and Sally Abou Aljoud. “Israel’s Ceasefires with Hezbollah and Hamas are Both in Doubt Again.” AP. 17 Feb 2025

21. Jonathan Spyer. “Syria Has a New Government – or Does It? Wall Street Journal. 2 Feb 2025

22. United States. White House. “Remarks by President Biden on Afghanistan.” 16 Aug 2021

23. John F. Sopko. “America, Afghanistan and the Price of Self-Delusion.” New York Times. 2 Jan 2025

24. United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation. “Most Wanted: Sirajuddin Haqqani.”

25. United States. “Where Are U.S. Military Members Stationed, and Why?” 3 Feb 2024

26. “Human and Budgetary Costs.” Costs of War Project. Watson Institute, Brown University. August 2023

27. “Economic Costs.” Costs of War Project. Watson Institute, Brown University. September 2021

28. David Zucchino and Zia ur-Rehman. “They Were Waiting for Flights. Then Trump Closed a Door for Afghan Allies.” New York Times. 25 Jan 2025

29. #AfghanEvac. 11 Mar 2025

30. United States.  Department of Defense.  “U.S. Military Casualties - Operation Freedom’s Sentinel (OFS) Casualty Summary by Month and Service.”  27 Aug 2021

31. The World Bank. “Afghanistan.” 26 July 2019

32. “Global Terrorism Index 2020.”  Institute for Economics & Peace.

33. “Arabs Are Losing Faith in Religious Parties and Leaders.” The Economist. 5 Dec 2019

34. “Muslim Publics Share Concerns About Extremist Groups.” Pew Research Center. 10 Sept 2013

35. Lauren Leatherby and Larry Buchanan. “At Least 250,000 Afghans Who Worked with U.S. Haven’t Been Evacuated, Estimates Say.” New York Times. 25 Aug 2021

36. Farnaz Fassihi and Dan Bilefsky. “For Afghan Women, Taliban Stir Fears of Return to a Repressive Past.” New York Times. 17 Aug 2021

37. Farnaz Fassihi. “American University of Afghanistan Students and Relatives Trying to Flee Were Sent Home.” New York Times. 29 Aug 2021

38. Charles Lane. “The U.S. Dare Not Betray the Students at the American University of Afghanistan.” Washington Post.  24 Aug 2021

39. JM Rieger. “The Biden Administration Has Given 9 Justifications for The Slow Evacuation of Afghan Allies.” Washington Post. 18 Aug 2021

40. Linda Qiu. “Biden’s Inaccurate Claims in Defending Afghanistan Withdrawal.” The New York Times. 20 Aug 2021

41. Lara Seligman. “Top Generals Contradict Biden, Say They Urged Him Not to Withdraw from Afghanistan.” Politico. 28 Sept 2021

42. Dan Lamothe. “General Says He Warned that Afghanistan Would Get ‘Very Bad, Very Fast’.” Washington Post. 20 May 2024

43. Dan Lamothe and Joby Warrick. “Afghanistan Has Become a Terrorism Staging Ground Again, Leak Reveals.” Washington Post. 22 Apr 2023

44. Helene Cooper, Eric Schmitt, and David E. Sanger. “Biden, Debating Exit from Afghanistan, Rejected Generals’ Views.” New York Times. 19 Apr 2021

45. Ken Thomas and Vivian Salama. “Biden Wanted to Leave Afghanistan. He Knew the Risks.” Wall Street Journal. 17 Aug 2021

46. Vivian Salama. “Internal State Department Cable Warned of Kabul Collapse.” Wall Street Journal. 19 Aug 2021

47. Mark Mazzetti, Julian E. Barnes and Adam Goldman. “Intelligence Warned of Afghan Military Collapse, Despite Biden’s Assurances.” New York Times. 17 Aug 2021

48. David Zucchino. “Collapse and Conquest: The Taliban Strategy That Seized Afghanistan.” New York Times. 18 Aug 2021

49. Gordon Lubold and Yaroslav Trofimov. “Afghan Government Could Collapse Six Months After U.S. Withdrawal, New Intelligence Assessment Says.” Wall Street Journal. 23 June 2021

50. Thomas Gibbons-Neff and Eric Schmitt. “Security in Afghanistan Is Decaying, U.S. General Says as Forces Leave.” New York Times. 3 July 2021

51. Sami Sadat. “I Commanded Afghan Troops This Year. We Were Betrayed.”  New York Times.  25 Aug 2021

52. Anthony H. Cordesman. “The Reasons for the Collapse of Afghan Forces.”  Center for International Studies.  17 Aug 2021

53. Missy Ryan and Souad Mekhennet. “After Taliban Triumph, Biden Faces Even Greater Test in Preventing Extremist Resurgence in Afghanistan.” Washington Post. 16 Aug 2021

54. Rick Noack. “Taliban Begins Enforcing New Draconian Laws, and Afghan Momen Despair.” Washington Post. 15 Sept 2024

55. Rick Noack. “As Taliban Starts Restricting Men, Too, Some Regret Not Speaking Up Sooner.” Washington Post. 22 Sept 2024

56. Adam Taylor. “The Taliban is Flaunting Captured U.S. Weapons That May Be Worth Billions. Can It Use Them?” Washington Post. 20 Aug 2021

57. Jonathan Swan, Hans Nichols, Glen Johnson. “A Living Hell”: Leaked Email Describes Afghan Refugee Conditions.” Axios. 24 Aug 2021

58. United States. Embassy in Afghanistan. “Security Alert.” 18 Aug 2021

59. Matthieu Aikins and Najim Rahim. “Afghan Family Says Errant U.S. Missile Killed 10, Including 7 Children.” New York Times. 30 Aug 2021

60. Susannah George. “10 Civilians Killed by U.S. Drone Strike in Kabul, Family Says.” Washington Post. 30 Aug 2021

61. Ivana Saric. “Thousands of Prisoners Freed by Taliban Could Pose Threat to U.S.” Axios. 15 Aug 2021

62. Mark Landler. “Biden Rattles U.K. With His Afghanistan Policy.” New York Times. 18 Aug 2021

63. John Hudson and Missy Ryan. “Withdrawal From Afghanistan Forces Allies and Adversaries to Reconsider America’s Global Role.” Washington Post. 17 Aug 2021

64. Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction. John F. Sopko. “Why ANSF Numbers Matter: Inaccurate and Unreliable Data, and Limited Oversight of On Budget Assistance Put Millions of U.S. Taxpayer Dollars at Risk.” 29 Apr 2015

65. “Syrians Wake Up to a New Government.” New York Times. 30 Mar 2025

66. Carlotta Gall. “America’s Strike on the Houthis Could Whip Up a Regional Tempest.” Economist. 20 Mar 2025

67. Colin P. Clarke. “What the Escape of at least 15,000 Detainees Means for ISIS.” Washington Post. 25 Feb 2026

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